Electrolytes

Cation electrolyte / membrane stabilizer / inotrope

Replaces ionized calcium → restores cardiac contractility, smooth muscle tone, neuromuscular function. Stabilizes cardiac myocyte membrane in hyperK by raising threshold potential.

Calcium salt — peripheral-line-safe alternative to CaCl2

Provides elemental calcium (1 g calcium gluconate = ~93 mg / 4.65 mEq elemental Ca²⁺). One-third the elemental calcium of an equivalent dose of CaCl2 (1 g = 273 mg / 13.6 mEq). Used to treat hypocalcemia, antagonize cardiac membrane effects of hyperkalemia, magnesium toxicity, calcium-channel-blocker overdose.

Potassium salt for replacement therapy

Provides K⁺ for replacement of intracellular and serum stores. Maintains resting membrane potential. 1 mEq KCl = 39 mg potassium.